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Web缓存原理(三)

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附:SQUID性能测试试验
phpMan.php是一个基于php的man page server,每个man page需要调用后台的man命令和很多页面格式化工具,系统负载比较高,提供了Cache Friendly的URL,以下是针对同样的页面的性能测试资料:
测试环境:Redhat 8 on Cyrix 266 / 192M Mem
测试程序:使用apache的ab(apache benchmark):
测试条件:请求50次,并发50个连接
测试项目:直接通过apache 1.3 (80端口) vs squid 2.5(8000端口:加速80端口)

测试1:无CACHE的80端口动态输出:
ab -n 100 -c 10 http://www.chedong.com:81/phpMan.php/man/kill/1
This is ApacheBench, Version 1.3d <$Revision: 1.1 $> apache-1.3
Copyright &copy; 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Copyright &copy; 1998-2001 The Apache Group, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking localhost (be patient)…..done
Server Software:        Apache/1.3.23                                    
Server Hostname:        localhost
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /phpMan.php/man/kill/1
Document Length:        4655 bytes

Concurrency Level:      5
Time taken for tests:   63.164 seconds
Complete requests:      50
Failed requests:        0
Broken pipe errors:     0
Total transferred:      245900 bytes
HTML transferred:       232750 bytes
Requests per second:    0.79 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       6316.40 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       1263.28 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          3.89 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connnection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        0    29  106.1      0   553
Processing:  2942  6016 1845.4   6227 10796
Waiting:     2941  5999 1850.7   6226 10795
Total:       2942  6045 1825.9   6227 10796

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%   6227
  66%   7069
  75%   7190
  80%   7474
  90%   8195
  95%   8898
  98%   9721
  99%  10796
100%  10796 (last request)

测试2:SQUID缓存输出
/home/apache/bin/ab -n50 -c5 “http://localhost:8000/phpMan.php/man/kill/1″
This is ApacheBench, Version 1.3d <$Revision: 1.1 $> apache-1.3
Copyright &copy; 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Copyright &copy; 1998-2001 The Apache Group, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking localhost (be patient)…..done
Server Software:        Apache/1.3.23                                    
Server Hostname:        localhost
Server Port:            8000

Document Path:          /phpMan.php/man/kill/1
Document Length:        4655 bytes

Concurrency Level:      5
Time taken for tests:   4.265 seconds
Complete requests:      50
Failed requests:        0
Broken pipe errors:     0
Total transferred:      248043 bytes
HTML transferred:       232750 bytes
Requests per second:    11.72 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       426.50 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       85.30 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          58.16 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connnection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        0     1    9.5      0    68
Processing:     7    83  537.4      7  3808
Waiting:        5    81  529.1      6  3748
Total:          7    84  547.0      7  3876

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%      7
  66%      7
  75%      7
  80%      7
  90%      7
  95%      7
  98%      8
  99%   3876
100%   3876 (last request)

结论:No Cache / Cache = 6045 / 84 = 70
结论:对于可能被缓存请求的页面,服务器速度可以有2个数量级的提高,因为SQUID是把缓存页面放在内存里的(因此几乎没有硬盘I/O操作)。

小节:

  • 大访问量的网站应尽可能将动态网页生成静态页面作为缓存发布,甚至对于搜索引擎这样的动态应用来说,缓存机制也是非常非常重要的。
  • 在动态页面中利用HTTP Header定义缓存更新策略。
  • 利用缓存服务器获得额外的配置和安全性
  • 日志非常重要:SQUID日志缺省不支持COMBINED日志,但对于需要REFERER日志的这个补丁非常重要:http://www.squid-cache.org/mail-archive/squid-dev/200301/0164.html

参考资料:

HTTP代理缓存
http://vancouver-webpages.com/proxy.html
可缓存的页面设计
http://linux.oreillynet.com/pub/a/linux/2002/02/28/cachefriendly.html

相关RFC文档:

可缓存性检查:
http://www.web-caching.com/cacheability.html

缓存设计要素:
http://vancouver-webpages.com/CacheNow/detail.html

ZOPE上的几篇使用APACHE MOD_PROXY MOD_GZIP加速的文档
http://www.zope.org/Members/anser/apache_zserver/
http://www.zope.org/Members/softsign/ZServer_and_Apache_mod_gzip
http://www.zope.org/Members/rbeer/caching

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